1. Introduction

Operational amplifiers have been used in many electronic circuitries. As far as the performance of the circuit design is concerned, there are a quite number of op amp design parameters should be considered. Nowadays, the design of opamps continues to pose a challenge as the supply voltage and transistor channel lengths scale down with each generation of CMOS technologies.

2. Design parameters

This section will describe op amp parameters. It should be well understand of why and where each may become important.

2.1 Gain

The open-loop gain determines the precision of the feedback system. The relative error gain is derived from the circuit of Figure 1.